Friday, August 28, 2020

Ambassador Lange Essays - HIVAIDS, Presidency Of George W. Bush

Represetative Lange Represetative John Lange: Career in Global Health Diplomacy The concurrent development of Ambassador John Langes profession as a worldwide wellbeing representative and worldwide wellbeing itself embodies the significance of the field as an organize matter on the worldwide plan. The differing exhibit of expert achievements Ambassador Lange accomplished all through his profession shows the interdisciplinary idea of worldwide wellbeing and the numerous approaches to be a solid on-screen character in the field. Diplomat Lange emphatically stressed the elevated need to deliver worldwide wellbeing worries as inconvenient to worldwide flourishing with potential to affect national security and prompting financial emergencies. Mr. Lange began his expert profession with the aim of specializing in legal matters, however immediately ended up drenched in the universal issues domain. During that time, he manufactured his profoundly regarded certifications by working in the State Department Bureaus of African Affairs, Western Hemisphere undertakings just as a few American consulates situated in Togo, France and Mexico. Later on in his profession, Ambassador Lange filled in as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. International safe haven in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and as Chargee Daffaires during which he needed to manage the fear monger bombarding of the Embassy and the results in the outcome. It was not until Mr. Lange became U.S. represetative to the Republic of Botswana that his solid commitment to the field of worldwide wellbeing and vocation as a worldwide wellbeing ambassador initiated. As the individuals of Botswana were encountering up to thirty eight percent HIV irresistible rates, Ambassador Lange felt the impending need to address this staggering marvel as a medical problem as well as a security danger too. This AIDS pandemic was viewed as an imminent security danger as in it would have destabilizing impacts death rates, yet on the limit and ability of the workforce eventually encouraging an extreme financial emergency. Notwithstanding the coordinated effort between Ambassador Lange and the Botswana governments solid endeavors to reduce the circumstance, The U.S. Represetative to the United Nations sorted out the primary UN Security Council meeting on the effect of AIDS on harmony and security in Africa. This notable occasion not just strengthened the solid rela tionship between's AIDS, security, and dependability yet it additionally raised the issue on the worldwide plan. Numerous different U.S.- based elements, for example, the Harvard AIDS establishment and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, among others, assumed a critical job in helping Botswana manage this staggering wellbeing emergency. Completely put resources into the field, Ambassador Lange at that point took on a situation in the State Department where he helped the U.S worldwide AIDS facilitator actualize the new PEPFAR office. PEPFAR, a notable responsibility to fighting a solitary malady, encountered a couple of difficulties at the end of the day was as yet recognized as a special chance to have a massive effect in a crisis circumstance. Through PEPFARs endeavors, just as crafted by different associations, the worry with respect to security dangers in numerous nations has tremendously reduced. Diplomat Lange polished off his profession as a Foreign Service Officer by chipping away at the danger of pandemic flu. During that time, he understood that not exclusively could pandemic flu have genuine outcomes on national security and the whole texture of American culture, yet that it was an issue that should have been tended to at the worldwide level requiring the inclusion of different governments. Diplomat Lange unequivocally underscored that, however global associations, certain objectives significantly should have been accomplished. These objectives being: the rise of avian and pandemic flu on national plans, the need to facilitate endeavors among givers and influenced countries, to prepare and use assets universally, increment straightforwardness in infection detailing and observation, and ultimately to fabricate limit with respect to the long haul. Retaining certain infections would compromise the field of worldwide heath as well as present irregularities with the soul fun damental the arrangements of global wellbeing esteems. After his retirement from the Foreign Service Department, Ambassador Lange took on a position working for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation where he dedicates his time participating in significant level effort among the International Development people group. While working for the Gates Foundation, Ambassador Lange can concentrate on a vertical way to deal with Global Health which involves mediation methodology, observing

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Albert Bandura Essay Example

Albert Bandura Paper Composing Assignment #1 Bandura, Ross, Ross (1961). Transmission of animosity through impersonation of forceful models In 1961, Bandura, D. Ross, and S. Ross directed a trial on 72 pre-younger students to look at and investigate the â€Å"Social Learning† hypothesis. The Social Learning hypothesis recommends that human conduct is observationally learned through displaying: from watching others, one structures a thought of how new practices are performed. They anticipated that subjects Method: Design: The members were picked by circumstance examining from Stanford University Nursery School. Members comprised of 36 young men and 36 young ladies, and two grown-ups, a male and a female, both being a good example. The members were separated into eight exploratory gatherings of six subjects each and a benchmark group comprising of 24 youngsters. Half of the test members saw forceful models, while the other half were demonstrated nonaggressive models. These gatherings were then additionally partitioned into male and female subjects, and half of the kids in the forceful and non-forceful gatherings watched same-sexed models, while the other half saw other gender models. The benchmark group was not presented to any grown-up models The subjects were evaluated on four five-point rating scales by the experimenter and a teacher. These evaluations estimated the degree to which the kids showed verbal animosity, physical hostility, hostility toward close items, and forceful hindrance. Method: Subjects were exclusively brought to the test room and were accompanied to one corner of the room, which was their play region. Subsequent to seating the youngster at a little table, the experimenter clarified how subjects could build and configuration pictures with potato prints and picture stickers. The model then again was brought to the contrary corner of the room which comprised of a little seat, table, hammer, tinker toy set, and a 5-foot swelled Bobo doll. The experimenter disclosed to the model that the materials gave was to him/her to play with. With members in the forceful condition, the model amassed the tinker toys and depicted demonstrations of hostility towards the Bobo doll; the model ceaselessly punched the Bobo doll, utilized a hammer to hit the Bobo doll’s head, and hurled it up the air and kicked it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Besides, the model sprinkled with verbally forceful remarks, for example, â€Å"Kick him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Throw him noticeable all around. † Conversely, with subjects in the non-forceful condition, the model gathered the tinker toys in a quiet detached way, and totally ignoring the Bobo doll. Also, the model made non-forceful remarks, for example, â€Å"He sure is an extreme fella,† and â€Å"He holds returning for additional. † After 10 minutes, the experimenter educated the subject that he would now be brought to another game room. The subjects were then taken into another room loaded up with intriguing toys, a portion of a forceful kind, for example, a 3-foot Bobo doll, a hammer and a peg board, and some nonaggressive, for example, a tea set, pastels, and shading paper, a ball, and plastic livestock. The subjects were seen through a single direction mirror, and practices, for example, physical animosity, verbal hostility, and the occasions the hammer was utilized to strike the Bobo doll was surveyed. Results: Confounds inside examination: There are insignificant puzzling factors inside the test as Bandura, Ross, and Ross utilized a research facility explore technique to lead their esearch. The usage of a research facility try strategy permitted the experimenters to normalize conditions for all the subjects and procure more prominent control of superfluous factors, which thusly prompted a more grounded interior legitimacy. Interior legitimacy is how much a watched impact is because of the exploratory control as opposed to different factors, for example, superfluous factors. Some conceivable puzzling factors were kept away from and controlled. Right off the bat, the individual contrasts were constrained by guaranteeing subjects were evaluated for animosity preceding the investigation. This dispenses with a potential incidental factor †singular contrasts in hostility. Besides, the subjects inside the control and exploratory gatherings were coordinated for forcefulness to guarantee equivalent pieces of the gatherings. Thus, the information couldn't be influenced by prior degrees of hostility; in this way, causal connections can be made. Moreover, all the subjects were marginally disappointed before outlining forceful conduct. The subjects were permitted to play with the appealing toys for a couple of moments until they were told by the experimenter that the toys were for other different kids. Henceforth, the expansion in their enthusiastic incitement was around equivalent, before they were allowed a chance to be forceful. In conclusion, the experimenter evaluated the forceful degrees of the members with a nursery teacher that was all around familiar with kids. This diminished the odds of subjectivity. Albeit a large portion of the incidental and perplexing factors were mulled over, there are some puzzling factors that may have slanted the outcomes. Since there is high control in a research facility test, there is the chance of this prompting a devised circumstance, and, lost genuine legitimacy. Accordingly, the issue of interest trademark may have happened. An interest trademark is when members know about the experimenter’s desire and how they are anticipated to carry on. Thus, members would modify their conduct to fit the experimenter’s desire, which would bring about unrepresentative and invalid discoveries. The youngsters may have known about what was anticipated from them; one of the members said â€Å"Look Mummy, there’s the doll we need to hit† Noble (1975). Significance of the examination to the field: Albert Bandura’s accomplishment in his test has permitted him to demonstrate and confirm the Social Learning hypothesis. The Social Learning hypothesis or observational learning is presently generally acknowledged as a valuable hypothesis in the field of brain research; it very well may be utilized to shape wanted and satisfactory practices and kill undesirable mentalities. Some unpredictable practices, for example, language, would presumably never be learnt and created except if youngsters were presented to individuals who displayed them. Observational learning empowers kids to earn numerous reactions and practices in an enormous assortment of settings where the models are playing out their every day exercises and schedules. A few instances of observational learning would be watching guardians peruse and compose, parent’s mentality and reaction toward a specific situation, moral conduct, and moral choices. Moreover, Bandura has additionally built up a treatment called ‘’modeling therapy,† which is gotten from observational learning. The displaying treatment features the significance of learning through perception of good examples, and finding out about remunerations and discipline that follow conduct. The treatment has been demonstrated and is utilized to annihilate undesirable practices, fears, and uneasiness issue. Bandura’s Social learning Theory is additionally applied for instructive purposes. Instructors have discovered that observational learning is a powerful educating device. Observational learning forms â€Å"greatly impact children’s adapting to strife, dissatisfaction, scholastic stressors, and failure† (Zimmerman Schunk, 2003, p. 442). With information on observational learning, they can be cognizant and mindful of their activities, being circumspect and sure that they are depicting an ethically right conduct to their understudies. Customary behaviorists accepted that all creatures learned similarly; all conduct is found out through the earth, and this was clarified through operant and traditional molding. To put it plainly, the learning point of view was restricted to these methods. The revelation and confirmation of the Social Learning hypothesis has contributed towards the general move of the learning viewpoint to join subjective and social procedures; it exhibits that learning was not just founded on a lot of upgrade reaction affiliations. Besides, the social learning hypothesis ventures into the intellectual perspective’s domain, permitting improvement for increasingly viable strategies. The hypothesis can be viewed as a scaffold between the learning point of view and the subjective viewpoint, as it joins consideration and memory.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 54

Contextual investigation Example In Washington State specifically, tobacco and weed have kept on being most generally smoked by youth (Washington State Health Youth Survey, 2011). The level of the individuals who smoked regular diminished progressively between the years 2005 and 2010 from 17.5 percent to 11.0 percent (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). This suggested numerous individuals had stopped smoking in this period while others had changed from smoking each day to smoking in certain days as it were. The capacity to buy cigarettes is a result of individual pay. Tobacco control advocates have seen an expansion in the costs of tobacco coming about to a decrease in smoking among the populace (Shelly, 2010). Expenses are forced on tobacco items expanding the cost of tobacco and henceforth increment the expense of smoking. This lessens the smoking practice among no salary or low-pay grown-ups as moderateness of tobacco become very hard (Chaloupka, Straif and Leon, 2011). This could be a purpose behi nd individuals to stop smoking or decrease the pace of smoking. Cigarette smoking among secondary school seniors declined by a quarter among male understudies and a half among female understudies between the years 2001 and 2011 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). The quantity of individuals who smoked a few days in Washington, expanded from 2.4 percent to 4.2 percent. This was not slow as the number had expanded to 5.9 and 5.0 percent between 1995 to 2000, and 2005 separately (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Since smoking had gotten costly between those years, a few people may have decreased the recurrence at which they smoked from consistently to certain days. The numbers increment suggested that some of consistently smokers and non-smokers had started to smoke on certain days. The level of non-smokers in the state had bit by bit diminished from 29.9 to 25.5 percent between the years 1995 and 2010 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010) .

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

The One Thing to Do for Literary Analysis Essay Outline

The One Thing to Do for Literary Analysis Essay Outline Rather than covering everything, your essay introduction must tell that the full paper is going to be on Homer's Odyssey or medieval goldsmiths from the whole history. On the 1 hand, you may also have a look at our Argumentative Essay templates to help you begin on your position paper. Each and every paper will have different requirements and that's why you may benefit from using samples and templates. When it's a real paper one which has been graded. Scroll down the page in order to see extra essay samples which can help you in creating your very own literary essay. Our writers always comply with the guidelines given by our customers that's essential when it goes about all types of academic papers including admission essays. Level papers about a part of literature has to have a thesis sentence. The textual analysis conclusion may be a tricky thing. Now you have the question and you've gathered the required evidence, use the next outline for literary analysis to compose the perfect essay. It is very important to bear in mind that a thesis must not be an issue of opinion. A thesis needs to be informed by close observation of a particular element of the writing, and you want to have the ability to back up your claim with direct evidence from the book. In order to acquire analytical essay writing help, you just have to put an order on the webpage. The custom of writing essays also develops critical thinking that is highly n eeded in any upcoming job. An essay does not have any possibility of success in the lack of a carefully formulated thesis. If you need assistance with your literary essay, Digital Photography homework help or 3D Art homework assistance, you can always tackle the services which will gladly aid you. The Argument About Literary Analysis Essay Outline Every excellent essay ends with a superior conclusion. The conclusion ought to be organically linked with the former statement. A great conclusion restates the thesis and provides a review of the essay. Writing a Good Conclusion A very good conclusion isn't a restatement of the points you've already made. The One Thing to Do for Literary Analysis Essay Outline A text has to be understood not relatively, but its meaning has to be inherent. After grasping the meaning of what's a literary analysis essay, it's necessary for you to read the bit of literature in question many times. Don't forget, you're analyzing a crucial element of t he literature. In the event that you should analyze a poem, you would need to handle the different kinds of images in that poem or the association between the shape and the content. An analysis of a quick story demands basic understanding of literary elements. On another level, it's the story of all of the actual damage that could result from seemingly innocent adventures. Immediately after you've received the topic for your upcoming essay, thoughts and images will start to arise in your head. The factors stated above help to improve the viewer's impression of the film, since it supplies the movie more depth. The Most Popular Literary Analysis Essay Outline There's no overall pattern of the way to compose a literary analysis, as it greatly depends upon the part of work you will need to go over. The aim of a literary analysis essay is to examine many elements. Try to remember, a normal book review differs from literary analysis. Don't neglect to produce and use your liter ary analysis outline. Locate an ideal sample literary analysis outline before starting. Mind that downloading a few literary analysis essay examples is a terrific idea. To begin with, it's essential to learn what a literary analysis essay is. Note the way that it's accomplished in a sample literary analysis essay provided at our website. It may be tough to compose a kind of essay for the very first time. If it's the first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have plenty of questions. Although, 1 point to think about is to not overstate. If you don't understand the matter, you've hardly any opportunities to succeed. Some assignments will ask you to complete research and use outside expert analysis to back up your ideas. You should adhere to a particular format. The analysis paper format is very important. There are several different elements involved with writing an effective essay. Mind that you are supposed to look at the discussed literary piece from othe r angles. The introduction part should establish the topic of your essay, and explain the reason it's important to investigate it.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Deficit Spending the Deficit Good or Bad - 1831 Words

Deficit Spending: The Deficit Good or Bad Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves. , Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say its a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. When the U.S. government came into existence and for about a 150 years thereafter the government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only times a budget deficit existed during these first 150 years were in times of war or other catastrophic events. The Government, for instance, generated deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the†¦show more content†¦How could a deficit increase productivity without any cost? The idea of having a balanced budget is challenged by the ideas of Keynesian Economics. Keynesian economics is an economic model that predicts in times of low demand and high unemployment a deficit will not cost anything. Instead a deficit would allow more people to work, increasing productivity. A deficit does this because it is invested into the economy by government. For example if the government spends deficit money on new highways, trucking will benefit and more jobs will be produced. When an economic system is in recession all of its resources are not being used. For example if the government did not build highways we could not ship goods and there would be less demand for them. The supply remains low even though we have the ability to produce more because we cannot ship them. This non-productivity comes at a cost to the whole economic system. If deficit spending eliminates non-productivity then its direct monetary cost will be offset if not surpassed by increased productivity. For example in the 1980s when the huge deficits were adding up the actual additions t o the public capital or increased productivity were often as big, or bigger than the deficit. This means as long as the government spends the money it gains from a deficit on assets that increase its wealth and productivity, the debt actually benefits the economy. But, what if the government spends money on programs that doShow MoreRelatedNational Debt Is Not Always A Bad Thing1695 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. When the Treasury borrows funds, it issues Treasury bonds; these are IOUs of the federal government. In other words, the national debt is a stock of IOUs created by annual deficit flows. (Schiller 261) With the help of research and my economics class, I have learned that having national debt is not always a bad thing. For example, the financial crisis of 2008-2009 and the effects it had on the economy and people was horrible. However, I learned that if it weren t for the increase in governmentRead MoreDeficit Spending After World War II1459 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds a little work could use a few more examples heres one on the deficit for those economics classes Subject: the deficit good or bad Deficit Spending Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves. , Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say its a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. When theRead MoreThe Budget Deficit For Fiscal Year1019 Words   |  5 Pageson all the money borrowed from other countries. Budget deficits, budget surplus, national debt, deficit spending all have pros and cons. The federal government collects fees, taxes and certain revenues every year while spending in other fields. Deficits happen when total expenditures in a fiscal year outweigh the total revenues, when this happens; the government borrows money from foreign countries to pay the difference. The budget deficit for fiscal year (Oct 1 2015- Sept 30, 2016) is projectedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Federal Deficit And Deficit Spending1181 Words   |  5 PagesTyler Derby Ms. Dancy AP Macroeconomics 9 January 2015 Analysis of the Federal Deficit and Deficit Spending in General Rationale: For as long as Americans can remember there has always been a federal deficit. In fact, the only time in American history when there was no federal debt was under president Andrew Jackson, and it only lasted a single year(Wall Street Journal). The federal government never managed to pay off the debt again, although some administrations, likeRead MoreDeficit Spending During The Great Depression768 Words   |  4 PagesDeficit Spending During the Great Depression, many people tried to save money and were spending less. Businesses produce less, unemployment rises and household incomes decline. There are few options available to reverse the effects of a recession on the economy. One specific option is deficit spending. Deficit spending is a government tool used to address serious economic issues. Deficit spending refers to government spending that exceeds federal income and taxes over a period of time. The governmentRead MoreThe Problem Of The United States Debt906 Words   |  4 Pagescontribute to the debt: Budget deficit, saving deficit, trade and balance deficit, and leadership deficit. For years the US government has been living beyond its means, spending more money on government services then they are bringing in through taxes. In 2008 the federal government was bringing in 2.5 trillion dollars, but they were spending 2.7 trillion dollars and every year the nation has this issue. In a span of forty years there have been thirty-five budget deficits, and only five budget surplusesRead MoreFederal Budget Deficit1343 Words   |  6 PagesExcessive Borrowing: Our Federal Government s Budget Deficit Maria comes home one day earlier than usual. Her family, two daughters of age five and eight and a stay-at-home husband, is surprised to see her so early and unexpectedly. The tired look on her face reveals the experience she had at work. She brings out a sluggish smile as her daughters rush up to greet her with their warm embraces, reminding her of the happiness they constantly provide but also saddened by their questionable futureRead MoreThe Deficit Spending On The Country s Economy803 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand deficit spending think about it in simpler terms, like, the budgeting of your check book. If you have $100.00 but want to spend $200.00 you will need to make the decision: do you not make the purchase or do you borrow the money by maybe using credit? A consideration to remember is how borrowing that money will have an effect on your overall budget. Not only will you have the initial $100.00 difference to repay but also the interest that goes along with repaying tha t money. Deficit spending isRead MoreTrade Deficit1198 Words   |  5 PagesBuffett’s decision to bet against the dollar a good one? Why or why not? A: Yes. He is betting that trade deficit will not be fixed and American’s bad habit of borrowing from abroad to pay for today will not stop. This is caused by Americans spending far more on imports than they are earning from exports. To finance this trade deficit, the U.S. borrows from abroad. Also, the U.S. government is spending more than it takes in from taxes. The budget deficits widens the gap between the national incomeRead MoreGreece : The Greek Exit From The European Union1024 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the early 2000s Greece saw its debt burden continue to grow due to a current account deficit (i.e. demand was higher than the absorption of GDP). Greece debt was large because the country was borrowing to finance its budget deficit. During 2010, Greece faced a loss in confidence from investors and a reduction in private investment. The country also had a large debt imbalances due to a prolonged CA deficit. Under usual conditions when this occurs a country’s currency would depreciate which would

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How Far Does Luck Explain the Rise and Fall of Napoleon...

How far does luck explain the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte? Napoleon Bonaparte like many others rose to prominence during the turbulent times of the French revolution- he was therefore lucky to have been born at such a time in to justify his advancing position. However his reputation as a skilled tactician and strategist enabled him to initially capitalize on the reforms of the French Revolution to improve the lives of French citizens. Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as an important figure for re-establishing order in France and initially gained the trust and support of his countrymen, winning many great military victories against the nations of Europe. But over time, Napoleons lust for power overcame his good economic, political and†¦show more content†¦He referred to his tactics thus: I have fought sixty battles and I have learned nothing which I did not know at the beginning. Look at Caesar; he fought the first like the last. His decision to record his exploits through two newspapers he founded for the army and circulation in France ea rned him wide critical acclaim. But again he was known to sacrifice military glory in favour of preserving his position, as shown by negotiations in Austria and the treaty of Campio Formio in response to Barras and the French republican allies in control of the French government becoming dependent on Bonaparte following the Coup of 18 Fructidor in order to depose the French royalists who feared Napoleon was becoming a dictator. It was not unlucky that this happened, as Napoleon handled the situation effectively and was able to continue his quest for power. His capacity as a strategist in military campaign against nations hostile to France continued to shine when he conceived an expedition into Egypt in order to seize it and thereby undermine Britain’s access to it’s trade interests in India. Although this invasion failed, mostly due to his loss in the battle of the Nile against Horatio Nelson, Napoleon- unlike his later years was able to take defeat well, speeding up the retreat by poisoning plague stricken men- this supposed act of fratricide was deemed necessary by his supporters given the continued harassment of stragglers by Ottoman forces, and indeed those left behindShow MoreRelatedPolitical Behaviour Impact to Leadership Excellence11497 Words   |  46 Pagesbecame a leader when he took into his life his good man Friday. In the most simple associations and in the most complex ones, leaders exert some directing influence, the nature and extent of which must be known if we are to understand how men get along togethe r. To explain why people choose or follow one kind of behavior rather than another-why they go to war or remain at peace, vote Democratic or Republican, or do a job poorly or well-introduces a search for guiding influences. The study of leadershipRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagessound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Role of HR in Change Management

Question: Identify and assess the process of planning and managing change within an organisation. What role should HR play in change management? Answer: What Role Should HR Play in Change Management? The competition within the business environment has increased to such an extent that it drives the organizations to be creative and innovative in their approach which in turn drives them towards implementing change (Armenakis et al., 1993). This is important because change is the only constant thing and an organization while conducting its operations is likely to get affected by various external forces which can be depicted with the help of the following figure: [Source: www.changeboard.com] However while implementing change; the organization might various challenges out of which resistance to change on the part of the employees is looked upon as one of the most important factors (Burke et al., 2008). The main reasons on the part of the employees to resist change can be depicted with the help of following figure: [Source: www.changeboard.com] So this demands that the Human Resource Management should play an important role in managing the people so that changes can be implemented in an effective and efficient manner. The HR department within the organization is involved in recruiting, training, developing and monitoring the performance of the employees i.e. takes into consideration the various aspects that are related to the employees together with their level of motivation and job satisfaction and thus it can be said that it tend to play a major role in change management (Farndale Paauwe, 2010). So in this context the HR department strives to provide various resources that facilitate an organization to identify the processes which are essential in managing change and this reveals the fact that HR department involves in formulating strategies in order to ensure that the members of the organization readily and successfully adapts the change (Murray et al., 2008). Thus the role of HR as a change agent can be illustrated wit h the help of the following table: [Source: www.managemetnstudy.com] [Source: www.managemetnstudy.com] Thus it can be inferred that facilitating an organization with the tight kind of motivated employees is the responsibility on the part of the HR department and thus they strive towards recruiting the candidates who possess the ability to think out of the box can thus come up with fresh perspectives (Han et al., 2006). On the other hand it is also the responsibility of the Hr department to encourage and mentor the employees recruited in such a manner that they can act as future change agents. Again HR department also focuses upon organizing various training and development programs in order to equip the employees with the necessary skills which would facilitate them to adapt the change and remove their fears regarding the change. Again this can be illustrated with the help of the example of Royal Philips Electronics which has experienced various changes from both the internal and external forces. In the external context, it can be said that business environment is changing at a rapid pace and also has to deal with high price of raw materials due to inflation. Moreover in the year the company faced an internal change when Frans Van Houten was appointed was the CEO in place of Gerard Kleisterlee who was the former CEO. The newly appointed CEO announced various change areas like they have to operate faster and also announced that the management of the company is centralized. These responses reveal that the new CEO is looking forward towards minimizing the costs, motivating the employees to work with their full potential and enhance the organizational agility. Thus there was a shift in the culture of the organization and the values created were as follows Taking ownership Teamwork Eager to win Thus if the above changes is taken into consideration it can be said all these can changes within the organization can be successfully implemented only if the employees are motivated and are ready to accept the change. So in this regard, the HR department of the origination should strive towards establishing an effective communication with the employees in order to communicate the various aspects of change focusing mainly upon the benefits of change (Kotter, 1995). This would facilitate in reducing the uncertainty on the part of the employees and provide them a clear idea regarding what is expected from them. So it would facilitate in accelerating the process of the change implementation. So analyzing the incidence in the concerned organization it was observed that the company focused upon the above mentioned aspects and motivated HR department to play the major role in the change implementation and this facilitated the organization to occupy the position in the market it is experien cing at present. Thus HR change management competency model can de illustrated with the help of the following figure: [Source: www.amo.uvt.com] References Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating Readiness for Organizational Change. Human relations: studies towards the integration of the social sciences, 46 (6), 681. Burke, W. W., Lake, D. G. Paine, J. W. (Eds.) (2008) Organization change: a comprehensive reader. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Farndale, E. Paauwe, J. (2010) Context-bound configurations of corporate HR functions in multinational corporations. Human Resource Management, 49 (1), 45-66. Han, J., Chou, P., Chao, M., Wright, P. M. (2006). The HR Competencies HR effectiveness link: a study in Taiwanese high-tech companies. Human Resource Management, 45 (3), 391-406. Kotter, J.P. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, March-April, 59-67. Murray, J., Markides, C., Galavan, R. (Eds.) (2008). HR Dreams: Where Human Resource Management is Headed to Deliver Value. Oxford: Oxford University Press