The Value Of Health Across Cultures

Evaluating the Value of Health and Cultural Heritage across Cultures Culture and values are standards that influence and shape human behaviors, decision making processes, personal relationships, and status of health and happiness. The United States has become a symbol of a multicultural society representing many different ethnicities and minority groups. As our culture continues to grow rapidly so is the necessity to increase awareness, understanding, and tolerance of these diverse groups. As health care providers we must understand the basic needs of our patients, whether they are black, white, green or purple, and the repercussions of prejudices and cultural insensitivities. Health care providers need to become responsive to the cultural values of different peoples and how these could augment effective and humanistic care delivery (Edelman, 2010). The Heritage Assessment Tools allows you to identify individual cultural beliefs and behaviors. These beliefs have shaped how we value health, the ways we maintain our health and the practice/acceptance of modern medicine. For example, if a patient identifies those relationships with family members or members from the community are highly valued then the nurse should consider lenience with the hospital visiting policy to meet the patients needs to maintain and restore their health. Many cultures value a caring holistic approach to medicine that incorporates family and supports systems to promote healing. Some cultures do not emphasis the practices of western medicine and utilize healers like priests, herbalists, or scientologist. By applying a heritage assessment in evaluating the needs of the patient as well as maintaining an open and understanding relationship of their culture, nurses can work to meet their needs in a holistic approach. How we have learned to take care of ourselves or our â€Å"health maintenance â€Å"varies from culture to culture. I grew up in a culture where regular exercise, watching what you ate, and â€Å"being thin is in† were highly valued. I and most of my friends had retainers and braces to maintain the image of good health with a picture perfect smile. As kids we were all active and parents provided healthy snacks as well as well balanced meals. Fast food and take-out was a once-in-a-while indulgence. For ethnic groups, health as a value may have different definitions and their behavior may reflect this(Edelman, 2010). I interviewed a Hispanic female and her family about how her culture has influenced her maintenance of day-to-day health. Family is an important dynamic in her culture, putting everyone else in her family before herself. Her family has influence of her everyday decision making, sure her children and grown parents are always well taken care of. Diet is based on being able to provide for the family more than the value of the foods nutrients. She admits that fast food is a cheaper option for feeding her children than stocking up on healthy produce at the grocery store. Her home is shared with her husband, four children, and her two parents, so they are all involved in taking care of one another. I also had the opportunity to meet with a family that traveled from Saudi Arabia to receive cardiac evaluation and treatment at the world renowned Texas Medical Center. The adult male patient as his wife were very private and did express interest in developing personal relationship with their nurse, so most my assessment was made from conversations held with their daughter a practicing physician in the same hospital. She told me that health maintenance is highly valued and the government provides a number of health care services to the public. Those who can afford it will travel elsewhere for expert opinions and cutting edge treatments. In regards to their routine values of health maintenance, their family practices and beliefs are based from Islamic religion and culture. Islam promotes heath and wellness with meditation, proper diet, regular activity and cleanliness (bathing, fragrance, attention to hair and nails). Lastly, their culture strictly dictates the foods they eat as well as what is considered toxic or harmful to their health. The ways of preventing disease or â€Å"health protection† has made an impact on health care. Growing up with access to health insurance, routine doctors visits, vaccinations, and educational programs to promote heath and wellness such as the D. A. R. E program was normal practice. One of the biggest obstacles for the Hispanic family was not having access to affordable health are. Health care insurance is not affordable for many poor Americans, whose priorities are the basic needs of health including food, clothing, and shelter rather than health care(Edelman, 2010). They admit to not having good preventative health care like routine physicals, medication compliance, attending follow-up appointments, and regula r dental hygiene. Being hospitalized is often a last resort because of the finical stress is can cause because of lack of health insurance. In contrast to the Hispanic American family, the Saudi family viewed out of pocket expenses a low priority when considering health protection. This patient needed to have heart surgery and with support from immediate and extended family members in the United States, some practicing as physicians, this was the best option. Good health is often a sign of affluence and high social status. How individuals deal with disease and restore health is based from cultural beliefs and learned experiences. Learning from personal experience with my family members being hospitalized and being treated for disease, we are aggressive with treatment and expect the information and results quickly. We expect to have everything done to treat illness and when modern medicine fails we have a hard time accepting that reality because of our faith in the health care system, doctors, and nurses. The Islamic culture also encourages individuals to seek medical help and treatment. Religion plays a huge part in healing and health restoration. I witnessed my patient and his wife praying regularly. Family is also key for this culture, demonstrating strong ties with both immediate and extended family at the bedside involved in regular discussion with physicians and other health care providers. Being able to afford out of pocket expenses hey expect the highest level of expertise and excellence in care from their health care providers. Sometimes family members will contribute to these expenses. Hispanic cultures typically cater towards men, children, and the elders in the household. This Hispanic American female admits that even immediately after having her fourth baby, she was still the primary care giver to her children and homemaker/care taker of the household. Also, she admits that even though not having regular access to medical care this does not influence how she provides attention and nurtures her family members during times illness. Her culture has a strong emphasis on family and religion as well as practicing traditional home remedies. Being surrounded by family and prayer helps her and her family in times sickness and promotes healthy recovery. Based on the three different cultures evaluated there is one strong common value, family. Health traditions and beliefs are greatly influenced from learned family practices as well as from influential support systems. This century will continue to be a time of great challenges as the population of the U. S. continues to be a nation of diverse peoples(Edelman, 2010). Nurses continue to make many positive moves toward understanding culturally diverse populations (Edelman, 2010). As we have learned, culture is a very unique and complex set of values. By being aware of cultural differences and gaining cultural knowledge nurses can help promote and ensure a healthy society.

Environmental Issues In Real Estate Essay

Real estate transactions involve the purchase of land properties and generally, environmental issues are frequently considered before a sale is completed. Environmental issues are usually taken into account, be it a residential real estate property, or a huge industrial piece of land. Should environmental risks be associated in a particular real estate property, these are frequently manageable, but the more critical issue regarding environmental issues is the efficient identification and reaction to these environmental issues (Goeters, 1996). Most problems arise after a real estate property sale because the environmental issues were not detected as early as possible. The most common environmental issue that is associated with real estate is land contamination. Such environmental issues generally come from the activities of the present or past owners, or better categorized as on-site contamination. Another source of land contamination could be off-site, which involves the physical location of the real property to outside sources of contamination. It is important that the source of the contamination of the land be identified so that the amount of risk may be determined. In addition, knowledge of the contamination source allows sanctions for property responsibility. Issues are considered severe when the water reservoir and its connecting waterways for drinking water are already affected or positioned near the real estate property. Another environmental issue that is considered as a major concern in real estate is mold contamination. The spread of pathogenic fungi and its spores frequently originate from buildings that are erected using low-quality standards and currently have poor ventilation. Such fungi often generate spores that are usually air-borne and may be transmitted through wind and any air circulating system. These spores may also stick to the walls of an existing building that is situated on the real estate property. Not only do fungal spores cause future deterioration to a building, these spores may even cause upper respiratory tract infections, allergies and immune reactions in the individuals that frequent the area involved. Several lawsuits have accumulated in connection to personal injuries or diseases causes by exposure to these pathogenic fungi. In addition, the insurance industry has lately been involved in cases that involve exposure to building-related real estate properties. Furthermore, fungal contamination involves all types of real estate properties, including residential, commercial and industrial buildings, and the effect of such contamination is doubly felt because the building’s structure itself will continuously deteriorate unless treated, and the residents of the home or the employees of a commercial or industrial company make succumb to fungi-caused illnesses. It has been strongly suggested that owners of real estate properties be cautious of the insurance coverage they procure for their employees should such untoward incident occurs in their company or industry. Asbestos is also an environmental issue that should be carefully considered in real estate. Asbestos is generally a component of pipes and boiler rooms, as well as in flooring materials and in roofs. Asbestos exposure cases are often higher in number in commercial and industrial companies, yet these cases may also occur in residential real estate properties. The amount of money require to solve any presence of asbestos in a building is usually huge, hence it should always be kept in mind that any possible cause for asbestos exposure be pointed out as early as possible, before any exposure is determined to be chronic, which is turn results in more severe health problems among individuals associated with the real estate property. Individuals practicing in the real estate business should be sincere enough to advise the client about any information that may be associated with asbestos presence or exposure within a real estate property he is showing and selling. Another element that has been identified as an environmental issue in real estate is radon. Radon gas shows no color or odor, and is very diffusible through water and air. This gas has been frequently reported in residential real estate properties, hence it is important that the water and air of a real estate property be tested for radon gas before any further step is taken towards the purchase or sale of a real estate property. Unfortunately, the safe or tolerable level of radon gas has not been established to date, hence any tests for the presence of radon gas in the water or in the air is just to satisfy the need to know where radon gas is indeed present in a real estate property. Real estate properties such as buildings and houses are often presented to potential buyers as painted structures that are ready for occupancy. Hence, the environmental concern for lead in the paint used to coat the walls of the rooms of the real estate property is also an issue. Individuals most affected by the presence of lead in the paint used to coat the walls are the young children who often play on the floor of the rooms of a residential establishment. Young toddlers often crawl around the house and unfortunately, ingest any little thing they find interesting in front of them. These little things may be lead paint chips that fall off from the wall and ceiling and land on the carpet, floor, or even the soil in the backyard. Other families enjoy gardening and planting their own vegetables, hence the presence of lead in the soil may pose a bioaccumulation of lead in the people living in this contaminated real estate property. It is therefore important that pre-erected real estate structures be evaluated for the presence of lead before any further step in done towards the purchase of the real estate property. Should lead be detected in a real estate property, an abatement procedure may be performed before any family or individuals move into the real estate property. Currently, there are several assays that may be employed in the identification and management of environmental issues associated with real estate properties (Spada, 1997). Hence, it is imperative that these environmental factors be tested before any purchase is done on a real estate property, because it these factors go undetected, the consequences on the personal health of the individuals that will live or frequently spend time within the real estate property will be affected. Such undisclosed environmental issues often end up in lawsuits, as well as tarnished reputations in the real estate business. Hence, for those in the real estate business, it is of prime importance that reliable and specific information be obtained about the real estate property they are advertising and selling. Such caution regarding the collection of information will serve as a good method is preserving the real estate business of a company. Certain real estate companies have established their own customized procedure in reviewing properties before they release these properties to the public and announce that this property is for sale. These customized procedures should be foolproof, robust and efficient in identifying environmental issues in a real estate property. Should this be kept in mind, there would probably be lesser cases of lawsuits and health illnesses in the future.

Public Policy Making in Zimbabwe

For the past ten years, Zimbabwe has been riddled with economic stagnation as well as being the subject of political instability, thus that been the reason  why many companies and countries have turned a blind eye as concerns investing. Once known as the bread basket of Africa, Zimbabwe has the ability to rise up again especially with the internationally accepted new government of Unity were the two major political parties, ZANU PF and MDC have come together to work as one for the betterment of the country and to fulfil the needs of the people. There has been little to no investment in Zimbabwe as many pulled out during the past decade. Foreign investment is when a company invests financially in a country abroad, whether in the form of portfolio investments which include shares, stock and bonds, or in the form of direct investment where locally based operations are owned and controlled by the foreign investing corporation. Such investments are controlled by laws known as International trade laws. International Trade law includes the appropriate rules and customs for handling trade between countries or between private companies across country borders. Most countries are part of a body that has made an agreement for trading internationally. Zimbabwe is part of several including UNICTRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law), BIPPA (the Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement) and COMESA (the common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa). Zimbabwe’s local body, governing foreign investment is the Zimbabwe Investment Authority with approval necessary from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe and Registrar of companies. The extract below shows the depths to which the Zimbabwean economy had fallen. Foreign Direct Investment Statistics 52. Zimbabwe Net Investment Flows 1998-2007 (US$ million) |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 | |Direct Investment |436 |50 |16 |0 |23 |4 |9 |103 |40 |69 | |Portfolio Investment |11 |21 |-1 |-68 |-2 |4 |2 | | | | |Source: IMF, UNCTAD, Ministry of Finance However, what is common is that Africa is the one continent that most global capitalist powers compete for due to its vast resources and wealth, examples eing of Nigeria and its oil, The Congo, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Botswana for their diamonds and precious stones as well as many other aspects such as Tourism. Zimbabwe to one of the Wonders of the world, and some people like investing in tourism, but over the past decade they decided not to. Countries would have loved to do that for reasons such as the 2010 world cup but in as much as opportunities arise, if a country is not politically and e conomically stable, it becomes almost obsolete to even the most interested investors. Zimbabwe economic situation was is dismal, having the â€Å"largest peacetime drop [in GDP] ever recorded† (http://www. state. gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2009/117167. html) at roughly 50%. The Economist Intelligence Unit (in the USA) estimates that 12. 8% of the GDP dropped in just one year- 2008. The inflation rate is the highest in the world, officially estimated at about 231 million percent in July last year. Unofficially however, inflation rates of the Zimbabwean dollar are said to be hundreds of billions if not quadrillions; and this is only the tip of the ice berg. The reasons why foreigners had pulled out were because of: the instability that was brought about after the land return programme †¢ political instability – divisions between the two parties and how that affected the country †¢ Economic sanctions – these can cripple a whole economy and country †¢ the breakdown of the stock exchange †¢ the non transparency of the companies and thei r involvement with government †¢ high taxes †¢ unprofitable economic environment †¢ inflation that started in the thousands and ended in the millions †¢ the laws and regulations governing foreign investment †¢ limited protection for foreign investors in some cases †¢ corruption The biggest problem the country was facing is that the rule of law no longer exists in the country. Instead, numerous government policies were ill formed and passed. Some that totally nullifies the power of law and order and in some cases, human rights. Currency exchange is a crucial part of foreign trade, the government’s Conversion and Transfer Policies were uncertain and changed unexpectedly several times. This has put a constraint on business planning and operations and most companies would much rather not risk making great losses because of a sudden adverse change in policies. The government of Zimbabwe had been known to disregard any judgments passed against them by international arbitrators, making the country a place full of lawlessness, dangerous and too risky to invest in. For example in 2005 â€Å"a group of Dutch farmers whose farms were seized under the land reform program took their case to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), demanding that the Zimbabwean government honour the BIPPA between the Netherlands and Zimbabwe. Although the government â€Å"acknowledged that the farmers had been deprived of their land without payment of compensation† they disputed the US$30million claim by the farmers. A decision is yet to be reached. A policy amendment Constitutional Amendment 17, enacted in 2005, removed the right of landowners whose land had been acquired by the government to challenge the acquisition in court. To increase foreign investment the government’s priority should be to restore the rule of la w and order. Restore the people’s faith in the power and fairness of the judicial administrations and government of Zimbabwe. They can do this by honouring their agreements with other countries and renouncing past policies that contradict initial agreements. It would be messy but the country itself is already in a bad state. Righting the wrongs is therefore being an important part of reviving the nation’s economy. Nepotism, favouritism, victimization, and discrimination would have to be seen as no longer existent in the country to make investors feel once again confident and safe investing Zimbabwe. According to the ‘best available surveys’ â€Å"only 7% [700 000 people] of the nations population is employed in the formal sector,† otherwise there is 80% unemployment in the formal sector. Most qualified workers have fled the country in search of greener pastures. The government rightly expects foreign investors to maximize use of local managerial and technical personnel. But in my opinion it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that such personnel are available. Their policy making should therefore first focus on educating and catering for its people so they are available and up to international standard when foreigners come to invest and need workers. The government should make policies that direct a lot more funding into the Educational sector of the country – which was once very well respected and recognised. Those way investors would find more ready, capable and qualified locals to employ. The government should improve the health sector by injecting funds to pay doctors and nurses well. Qualified health workers flee Zimbabwe as soon as they get the chance in search of better, more consistent work environments. With well paid doctors and health personnel the country could avoid crises like the cholera outbreak in 2008 and ensure a safe physical environment. In all this however, Zimbabwe’s government has made efforts to improve foreign investment. They have created foreign trade zones and processing ports. Benefits include 5 year tax holiday, duty free importation of raw materials and capital equipment for use in the EPZ. There is a requirement to export 80% of production in these zones however so this makes the offer less attractive to foreign investors. The government should consider reducing the stipulation in order to attract more investors. After the formation of the Government of National Unity, there was increased support from the international world on how to come up with a sound political framework and policy formulation that could encourage foreign investors, and true to form, the two parties have been trying to work with each other so as to do so. South Africa and Botswana, although closer to home than the usual British and American investors, have already started investing in the mining and farming sectors, with notable billionaires such as Patrice Motsepe of South Africa playing a crucial part in the field. The goals business sector itself is pushing for: 1. Transparency in business and transactions 2. Sustainable taxes for investors 3. Regulatory laws that also work favourably for foreigners 4. Strict function and control of the 49% foreign ownership and 51% Zimbabwean ownership – where even those that are foreigners and own 49% are allowed to make Zimbabwean colleagues, their managers and CEO's for the sole issue of trust among many things. Such partnerships are being encouraged. The stock market for one is back on track, especially with the use of the US dollar and South African rand which is making the market stable and opening up the incentive of investing as there is no longer inflation after the current none use of the Zimbabwean dollar. For the mean while, it is not being used although it has not been eradicated as it will be back in use once the environment is permitting. The policies government makes should firstly, show that the country is serious about attracting foreign investment – at the moment, it looks like South Africa, Egypt, Ghana and Nigeria are the only serious ones. Countries like Botswana, Uganda and Kenya are countries that are coming up and under observation in the mean time. Secondly the policies should market Zimbabwe as aggressively as other regions of the world – because as of now there is need for a supportive business framework such as transportation and communications infrastructures, trained or trainable human resources, and equitable trade and employment practices. Thirdly they should be aimed at demonstrating to investors the opportunity cost of not investing in Zimbabwe. Previously the government has certain policies in place, formed and implemented under a dictator regime; In 2008 the government introduced an Indigenization Act that mandates, over time, 51 percent indigenous ownership of businesses. The government reserves several sectors for local investors. Under current laws, foreign investors wishing to participate in these sectors may only do so by entering into joint venture arrangements with local partners. The foreign investors are allowed to own 35 percent of the operation. The following industries face these restrictions; †¢ Agriculture/Forestry; Primary production of food and cash crops , Primary horticulture , Game, wildlife ranching and livestock, Forestry , Fishing and fish farming, Poultry farming , Grain milling , Sugar refining. Transportation; Road haulage, Passenger bus, taxis and car hire services of any kind, Tourist Transportation, Rail operations. †¢ Retail/wholesale trade; including distribution, Barber shops, hairdressing and beauty salons, Commercial photography, Employment agencies, Estate agencies, Valet services, Manufacturing, marketing and distribution of armaments, Water provision for domestic and industrial purposes, Bakery and confecti onary, Tobacco packaging and grading post auction, Cigarette manufacturing. Source: (www. nationsenclclopedia. om/economies/africa/zimbabwe/foreign-investment). . The government needs to recognise that this may not be adequate enough incentive for investors. They should therefore revaluate and review their policies in some areas to encourage foreigners to invest. The percentages given to foreigners may prove unprofitable to a large conglomerate looking to run a company based in Zimbabwe. They would rather invest in a place where returns can be maximized, and the government should therefore allow foreigners a larger percentage of the business. he Government of National Unity has taken this into consideration and opened its door to all country stakeholders in 2009 to be part of the new policy making process, this included miners, lawyers, pastors, NGO’s and many other diverse groups. This reflected the positive determination of Zimbabweans and the government to get back on rein vest itself bigger and better. Our president was quoted at a mining conference to attract foreign investors who are sceptical about Zimbabwe's respect for property rights following the disruptions on commercial farms and a raft of controversial indigenisation laws; Because it is capital intensive, the mining sector requires regional and international partners who can bring in the necessary capital,   mining technology and management expertise to complement local resources,† Mr Mugabe told about 200 foreign investors. â€Å"On its part, the government is committed to ensuring that the policy environment is stable, predictable and sufficiently attractive to guarantee investors good returns on their investment. â€Å" Investors and locals alike look forward to the growth our economy will experience because of the new policies being put in place and the effort of our Government of National Unity is making to involve all stakeholders and uphold those laws. References: ? http://allafrica. com/stories/200909180530. html ? http://www. allbusiness. com/trade-development/trade-development- ? NationsEncyclopedia. com ? www. zimtrade. co. zw ? www. zia. co. zw ? http://www. state. gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2009/117167 ? www. hg. org/trade. html ? en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_Nations_Commision_on_International_Trade_Law

Analysis of Trust and Equity in Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis of Trust and Equity in Law - Case Study Example In order to understand the term trust well, one has to understand some technical terms such as resulting trusts, an express trust, fiduciary, fixed trust, beneficiary, charitable trust, personal remedies, and constructive trusts. Trust is always a unique creation of the common law. When a trustee is transferring property to a beneficiary he may be bound by numerous duties which may be either imposed by general principles of equity, by statute or by the trust instrument and there are always serious impacts to the trustee who may either neglect his duties or breach the terms contained in the contract. When establishing a trust, there must be certainty and clarity. It is very necessary to be clear as to who the property is transferred to. There should also be the establishment of the rights of the beneficiary with certainty so that in case the trustee fails to carry his duties, the trust should be enforced. There must be different types and levels of formality when dealing with differen t and various types of property. It is very important for the trustee to be invested properly with the title to the trust property that he wishes to transfer. This is because he is the owner of the property. Unless the trustee does so, the trust is considered as incomplete and the beneficiaries may have no claim over the property. This fact is well illustrated in case Milroy v Lord (1862). In special instances where the property has to be transferred to the beneficiary, the trustee needs to closely examine the particular type of trust that he wants and wishes to transfer so that he can determine what needs to be done in order to transfer the property effectively. If the trustee of the property has a title, there is no need of any formality in the transfer. For an effective declaration to take place is only some clear evidence of irrevocable and present declaration of trust. This evidence may take any form. It is a condition that for a declaration of a trust to be effective, there mu st not be a failed attempt by the owner of the property to create the trust by transferring the property to the beneficiary. In the case, Paul v Constance [1977] 1 WLR 527, Mr. Constance who was deceased was operating a bank account in his own name. In many instances, he heard as saying to his de facto partner Mrs. Paul that the money he had was his as well as hers. By that time, Mr. Constance was still legally married to Mrs. Constance, who was the defendant in this case. Constance later died intestate and all his assets including the bank account passed to his wife. With this statement, it was not sufficient enough that there was a trust which had been created.  Ã‚  

The Efficient Pollution Control Regulatory System Essay

The Efficient Pollution Control Regulatory System - Essay Example increase in price of bread as delineated in the diagram above by an increase in price of bread from P0 to P1 , this result to a new equilibrium in the market E1. (ii) Complementary goods are that usually consumed together (jointly consumed goods). In the case of Complementary goods when the demand r the price of the other good is decreased. Bread and butter are complementary goods, therefore they exhibit a cross elasticity of demand so when the price for margarine and butter is increased it result to a decrease in demand of bread causing a inward shift of the demand curve thus the quantity of bread demanded falls. PRICE D1 D0 S P2 P1 D0 D1 0 Q1 Q0 QUANTITY BREAD From the above diagram an increase in price of butter and margarine will cause shift the demand curve of bread from D0 D0 to D1 D1. This results in a decline in the amount of bread demand illustrated by a shift by the demand curve. ii) In the case of increase in the price of potatoes, rice and pasta, these could are not relat ed in any way. Therefore, they would not result in influencing an increase in the quantity of bread demand or supplied since these goods are not related in way. This can be illustrated by the diagram below. Price D0 S0 P0 S0 D0 Q0 Quantity From the above diagram, an increase in price of rice, potatoes and pasta does not in way affect the quantity of bread demand or supplied. Q2. A) A graph illustrating shortages causes by price controls. price DB DA S $4 $3 DB S DA 0 QS Q* QA QB Quantity In the above diagram when the price of a kilo of banana is $4 the quantity demanded is Q, that is where the demand is equal to the quantity supplied. When the price is fixed at $3 per kilo of banana the quantity supplied is Qs, while the quantity demanded is QA and QB for both cities A and B respectively.... When individuals fall they have to seek medical attention thus incurring huge medical bills. Therefore, pollution of storm water negative contributes to the society. The company polluting the stormwater on the other hand enjoys returns emanating from their production activities without considering the cost that they pass on to the society when pollute the environment t(Haley, 121) In addition to this pollution of storm water, depletes the amount of water available for human consumption therefore individuals have to search for other alternative sources of water which are not expensive but water becomes scarce. This represents an additional cost to the society occasioned by the production activities of the firm (Haley, 131) Therefore in order to minimize the amount of pollution of our environment the government needs to intervene so as to reduce amount emission that the firm releases to river as well as other air. The best method to caution the society from the externalities is by charging the polluting firms a standard fee that would go towards financing the affected individuals in circumstances like subsidizing their medical or treatment of the polluted water. Introduction of laws that would require firms which pollute the environment to pay. This would be essential, since firms are supposed to be in the frontline of preserving the environment, therefore, they have to pay when pollute the environment. Apart from this, the polluting company should compensate the society for the cost incurred from their production activities.

Economic Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic Report - Essay Example As people find gainful employment, they may get married and settle down, or alternatively call their friends and neighbors to the new cities. The engines of economic growth thus provide an impetus for housing as people look for or develop suitable establishments that can be called a home or a place of residence. In turn, demand for housing units signifies that there are economic opportunities in a certain area. It must also be seen that the housing sector itself is a provider of gainful employment to a number of other industries such as masonry, steel, plumbing, water, power and other utilities, painting, upholstery and what not- the list seems endless. Once we have become aware of this, we can truly see the importance that demand and supply for housing units will have and does have on the economy of any nation, including Scotland. This paper is divided into three parts. Part A will present an analysis of the Scottish housing market for the first decade of the new millennium (2000-20 10). It will look at the major factors affecting demand, supply and price of housing units. In the process of analysis, it will also seek to determine whether the housing sector in Scotland is volatile or not and what are the reasons for this. Part B will go on to review specifics regarding the reasons for the ups and downs in the housing sector. Part C will differentiate between factors that are indigenous to Scotland and factors that may affect the whole of the UK housing sector. It will then end with recommendations to be implemented that when done, will hopefully reduce the volatility of the housing market in the UK in general and in Scotland in particular. PART A Analysis of the Housing Market in Scotland (2000-2010) Available data shows that the average number of new housing units established per year in Scotland since the 1980s was 20,000 units; these have however peaked at 25,000 in 2007 and there has been a decline since then to around just 17,000 units in 2010. This declin e was seen in the years 2009 and 2010. The average UK house price was ?163,244 at the end of 2010, with London being the most expensive region in the UK overall, and Edinburgh leading the price rise in Scotland. In Scotland, the average price of a house was ?137,491, indicating a decrease of 2 percent over 2009. Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire were areas that had recorded a housing demand growth of 4 percent over the year ending December 2010. These areas have benefitted from strong and stable economic opportunities. Conversely Dundee, Angus, Lothian and Falkirk have been the lowest performing areas where demand fell by as much as 3 percent in the 12 months ending December 2010 (Scottish Housing Market Review, 2007 & 2010). Major Factors Affecting Demand, Supply and Price of Housing Units A look at the housing market in Scotland over the last decade (2000-2010) indicates that there have been some major factors affecting the demand and supply for housing units over the stated period. Generally it has been seen that demand for housing units has been spearheaded by the changing demographics in the cities, the economic climate and rates of interest and inflation. The opportunities for employment and living conditions impact upon the rate of migration of people to the major cities, and the number and types of housing units demanded are also dependant

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading Response - Essay Example FK realizes two opposing sides in America and in the world, he increases the appreciation of his message to the audience by using rhetoric effectively. Kennedy welcomed the responsibility of dealing with friends and foes alike in order to become a global representation of peace. To achieve this, he shared his energy with the people and made each person in the audience realize that these goals were achievable once everyone played their role towards their achievement. Clearly, he shows the role each opposing force can play in order to solve problems affecting and bring peace to America and the world. This is clear when he states his idea by asking opposing nations to propose ways of controlling arms in order to "bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations† (Kennedy). Metaphorically, Kennedy appeals to his audience illustrating his vision for a world that respects freedom and liberation of people. In this regard, he voices his vision to help realize and respect freedom by offering "to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty" (Kennedy). This metaphor allows the audience to realize his vision of ending past injustices and becoming more aware of his vision in ensuring liberation of all people in the world. On the other hand, Kennedy shows intentions of ensuring justice in the world by telling dictators that, "those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside" (Kennedy). In conclusion, calling people to action remains the basis of the whole speech. However, his use of figure of speech is impressive and helps him put his message in such a way it resonates well with the audience. On the other hand, his message remains vital in the current world where conflicts are the order of the day. It is therefore important to ask whether America and the world can learn from this speech. In addition, is there any leader in the world who can currently rise and lead the

Global Warming is real Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Warming is real - Research Paper Example The resulting rise in sea level is causing tsunamis to occur and has also endangered the survival of many animal species on earth. The question that has, in recent years, attracted the attention of scientists all over the world is, if the global warming is on a rise, and if so, to what extent are humans responsible for that? As fossil fuels burn, the carbon they contain gets converted into a greenhouse gas, known as carbon dioxide (CO2). Such greenhouse gases as methane (CH4) and CO2 entrap the sun’s energy into the atmosphere. There has recently been a tremendous emphasis on reduction of the fossil fuels use as they are thought to be the most fundamental cause of increase in global warming. In this paper, the question noted above has been answered with support of scientific studies to show that global warming is a real issue. According to the meteorites’ radioactive dating, it has been 4.6 billion years since the solar system of which earth forms a part has been found. Examination of the minerals preserved in earth and the scientific study of rocks has shown that earth has contained liquid water for 4.3 billion years (Watson and Harrison). Since then, climate of earth has largely remained stable, with occasional freezing in certain areas that have always remained as such. It is the massive increase in the energy drawn from sun that has caused a tremendous increase in the earth’s temperature. According to an estimate, there has been a 30 per cent increase in the energy output on earth from sun since the start of the solar system (Gough). Part of the energy drawn from the sun is reflected and some is retained. Some portion of the energy that gets absorbed in earth radiates back and escapes into the space. It is the energy absorbed minus energy radiated that decides the temperature of earth. Composition of the earth’s atmosphere also plays a decisive role in the increase of temperature. 99 per cent of the gases that atmosphere contains like oxygen and nitrogen are transparent towards the energy drawn from sun. Other gases like CO2 and water vapors tend to reduce the process of radiation of the energy from earth to the space. Therefore, increase in the level of these gases obviously increases the temperature of earth and contributes to the global warming. Of the two gases, it is the CO2 that concerns scientists the most because the water vapors in atmosphere remain constant in amount as compared to the CO2. Now, if the CO2 level in the atmosphere is increasing, global warming is then indeed, a real issue! The biggest source of CO2 is the fossil fuels. In addition to that, decomposition of materials and burning of wood also causes a considerable increase in the content of CO2 in the atmosphere. The rapid industrialization that has occurred in the recent centuries has caused a manifold increase in the CO2 level in the atmosphere. The reason why the resulting increase in the earth’s temperature is an issue is that this directly affects the ecosystem prevailing on earth. If the CO2 level continues to increase at the present rate, earth will soon become inhabitable for almost all species including humans, and life on earth will extinguish. The following text examines what recent studies have said about the CO2 levels in the atmosphere. (Deem) has shown the rate of annual increase in the C

Bus 137 Alice Dred Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bus 137 Alice Dred - Essay Example According to Sara Taylor who is a diversity expert and founder of deep SEE Consultant suggests that most managers are not always aware of the hidden biases they have when it comes to age, height, race or even marital status amongst others. Taylor further talked about height, weight, gender, and race and even how the employee is similar to the manager may have a great impact on salary earning, raises and even promotion. It has now come to attention that most CEOs in United States are highly offering jobs to men who are 6 feet tall or taller even though research indicates that the general U.S. population of tall men is just about 14.5%. The incident according to my opinion is discriminating most individuals within. The employers who use these hidden biases often influences people of what might be professional by trying to argue out that different communities have different cultures which some are opposite to others. He gives out explanations on how team leader’s desire to have tasks over relationships that is structured to work around interaction biasness. Such incident may negatively distinguish others with fondness of relationship. James Wright who is diversity and inclusion strategist, and who is also a trainer and the speaker witnessed some of the hidden discriminations used by some clients. He came to witness managers giving interviews to gays, lesbians. Some managers see this as human nature but some questions may again arise concerning if he/she has kids or partner. The question about when employees are discussing holiday gatherings, they always talk about bringing together their partners in cool water areas. The implication suggests that one need to be straight. I am suggesting that, with reference to Taylor statements, most clients’ gives out first priority to people with partners unlike to the lesbians and the gays. Wright research states that white men get more promotions vacancies compared to women and when a woman

Binding Contracts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Binding Contracts - Assignment Example In our case, Dave and Sam are friends from the same University, with Dave wanting to indulge Sam in a business deal, where they could purchase iPads from a supplier who is seeking to expand his business in Australia. In this case, Sam is worried because he does not have sufficient money and thus opts to say nothing. Dave concludes that both will contribute $500 each to purchase the iPads, which they will sell at a profit and share the profits equally. Considering the requirements of the laws of contract, for an offer to become legally binding, there must be a mutual consent between the two parties (Wilmot, 2009 p35). One party must make an offer and the other party must accept that offer. In this case, Dave is the party making an offer, which Sam is reluctant to accept. A binding agreement is established if the parties involved accept the offer as it is. In case one party gives a different term regarding the offer, then that becomes a counter offer, indicating the rejection of the or iginal offer (Black, 1979 p23). In our case, the original offer required both parties to contribute a Sum of $500 each. However, contrary to the requirement, Sam leaves Dave a message to the effect that he can only contribute $200 and get 20% of the profit share as opposed to the 50% he would have obtained by contributing $500. Therefore, Sam has offered a different term to the agreement, making a counter offer. At this point, the original contract becomes void and unenforceable (Peter, 1979 p45). Therefore, there is no binding agreement in existence between Dave and Sam. Further, under the laws of contract, two parties can be involved in negotiation or pre-emptive talks, where they discuss the terms of the contract just before committing to it. This is referred as an invitation to treat (Horwitz, 1974 p100). In our case, Dave and Sam are discussing about the business deal in a coffee shop, where Dave concludes by himself that they have to enter into the business and make equal cont ributions, without having Sam confirm. Therefore, the discussion they had in the coffee shop amounts to an invitation to treat, where Dave is inviting Sam to consider the iPad business deal (Ewan, 2005 p400). Thus, this is not a contract but a mere invitation to treat, meaning there is no binding agreement between Dave and Sam. More important to the creation of a binding contract is the fact that there has to be an intention to have the two parties legally bound by the agreement they establish (Barnett, 2008 p482). In this case, the two parties involved did not indicate any intention of being legally bound by the agreement. While Dave was developing the business deal that they shall indulge in, Sam was nonresponsive. As a matter of fact, Sam only agreed to contribute $200 to the deal, to avoid offending Dave since he is a friend. Thus, the agreement in this case was established based on friendship without any legal intention created by the parties involved. In this case, the contrac t is not legally binding and thus it is voidable (Gardner, 1992 p170). Therefore, there is no binding agreement that obliges Sam to pay Dave any money. Question 2 In this case, Dave approaches Jane to partner with her in securing the deal and have her contribute $500 to purchase the iPads for sale. In fact, Jane is excited about the whole idea and wants them to make it a full time business of importing 100

Cultural Artifcat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Artifcat - Essay Example It is convenient, hassle free and very enabling because we have tons of information within us. Putting or embedding it in our body is also safe. It could be injected within us and could also be retrieved easily because it is small. It will work because if the pacemaker that is big could fit into a human’s heart, how much more a microchip that will just be embedded in our skin. It will be just a matter of time before such technology will happen because recent development in technology is running on the technological ideology of making computers smaller and smaller. Recent signs are the miniaturization of computers are PC’s reduction to laptops to tablets and it will not be long until it will be reduced to just a microchip. It is expected that such artifact may received with resistance because the idea is revolutionary and unusual. Less informed people may have the false consciousness that we are â€Å"robotizing† people by embedding chip into them. It is also anticipated however that over time, such fears will be allayed by the benefits of the new technology and that it will be eventually accepted. For us students, such cultural artifact is a very powerful and an enabling tool because the amount of information we could carry could be used in our studies. Imagine each student has a library at his or her disposal and all he or she needs is a computer, laptop or tablet to download the information within his or her body. The same is true if such student would like to upload information that would be needed in the future. It is not only convenient but could also cost effective because the storage can be carried anywhere. Also, student’s will no longer have excuses that they forgot to bring their books, assignments or whatever information related requirement in school because their body could already carry it. It only means that if they did not bring the requirement, they did not do it. Life will also become

Body Mass Index Essay Example for Free

Body Mass Index Essay Body Mass index is a formula that determines the mass of body fat a person has. This formula is used to determine your weight proportion compared to your height if you’re on target, overweight or obese. Today we will use the formula by plugging in my own personal information and determining if I am over weight, on target or obese. To start I plug in the formula BMI=703w/h2. W = weight, H = height. I am 5foot 5 so in the formula my height will be 5. 5. After plugging in my info, I multiply 5.5 squared times 5.5 giving me the answer 30.25. I then divide 703W by 30.25 H. This then gives me the answer 23.24. Making W 23.24. Which is Equivalent to not being overweight. 703w/5.5(2) 703w/30.25 23.24w According to the chart my inequality fits in between the Compound inequality equation 23 BMI 25 which says I’m probably not overweight.   I don’t agree with this formula for I know for a fact that according to my height I am severely obese. However according to this formula I am probably not over weight. In addition to this the formula only uses your height and weight, it does not determine you fat mass or your muscle build. From going to the gym I’ve Learned that muscle weighs a lot more then fat. Which means that with this formula someone in perfect shape can be assumed to be obese: when in fact there in shape. The solutions chart that says whether you’re obese, overweight, or perfectly fit is giving in Intervals. The chart gives you a range of numbers from low to high. You determine where your body mass determines by the number of intervals you land on or in between. None of these numbers are to Infinity. The ranges have a start date and end date. In conclusion after plugging in the necessary figures and using the Body Mass Index formula it was determined that this formula gives inaccurate  results. For according to my doctor I am severally over weight and this formula has me sounding like a super model.

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector 1. Introduction Fundamentally, banking is a process that help the people to solve the problem in financial, for instance DBS. The term â€Å"finance† sector is the regulatory framework that permit transactions to be made by incurring and settling debts (Parkin, 2014). Banking and finance means a lot in Singapore economy as it helps the Singapore economy to growth gradually over the last one and a half decades. Besides, the economy of Singapore become the strongest among the Asian (Top 10 most competitive economies in Asia-Pacific | World Economic Forum, 2015). Most of the bank are earning profit by charging interest on money that the bank lend and by trading financial instruments in the financial markets (Risksandrewards.org.uk, 2015). Thus, almost every bank is seeking the rich person and give them the best offer and try to persuade them to save the money in their bank. 2. Contribution to the national economy 2.1 Job Market Basically, job market implies the employer looking for employee and the employee that is looking for jobs. Whether the job market grow or shrink, it is depends on the labour demand and supply within the long-term economy. (Investopedia, 2010). Job market has help Singapore economy, according to Ministry of Manpower report, the jobs that available has risen to 67,400 and it is the highest level in six years (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2015). The jobs help the citizens and foreign workers to get the job more easily in Singapore, thus, the unemployment rate also has been decreased steadily (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). Moreover, the banking and finance sector help the SMEs with provide loan as much as possible and once the SMEs expanded their business and it will let the Singapore economy become more stable. 2.2 Local Financial institution investing offshores projects The primary transaction of local financial institution is dealing with financial transaction, for example, deposits, loans and investments. Practically, everybody has deal with financial institution all the time. Everything from keeping cash to taking out loans and exchange currencies must be done through financial institutions (Investopedia, 2006). Singapore have to build up the local financial institution so that Singapore itself able to invest the offshore project. Thus, the economy of Singapore will go steadily. Singapore has to use it advantage which is longstanding position as a main trading hub in the Southeast Asia, so that Singapore allow to proceed with the projects. The strategy which Singapore used has promote and develop the strategy to let Singapore to become offshore trading hub for the import and export for the foreign currency. By that time, Singapore foreign exchange market has been inseparable. Thusly the banking and finance service sector has been becoming emphati cally as the year goes through with the enormous economic growth that the Singapore is encountering. Growth in the foreign exchange market has surpass the economy in Singapore and it served to create a lot of worldwide banking institutions. For instance, Singapore leading the global marine and offshore engineering market (Singapore Economic Development Board Investing Business in Singapore, 2015). 2.3 Financing SME SME is extremely important to the Singapore economy said by Finance Minister Tharman (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) announced a series of measures to enhance support for SME to restructure and achieve quality growth. Furthermore, the government will enhance support the SME in the areas of productivity, innovation and capabilities upgrading in order to boost their capabilities and remain the competency between the SME (Mti.gov.sg, 2015). In additional, SMEs are important to economy of Singapore as they make up 99% enterprises, said by MR Tan Ser Luck. As Singapore is a small domestic market, so the SMEs need to take risk abroad relatively in the development in order to grow and there are approximately 74% of the SMEs export the goods and services (News.gov.sg, 2015). 3. Challenge facing by this sectors in present and future 3.1 Government regulation and deregulation Government regulation which means that the law that pass down from government is to control business in order to protect the consumers interest and government institute regulatory law. In contrast, deregulation means government rules and law is removed (Everyday Life Global Post, 2015). There are a ton of regulation that they have to follow all together for the sector to growth in the economy. Without inputting the regulation to sectors, most of the consumer will not be protected if the business has an unscrupulous activity. Banking and finance services sector will face challenges if deregulation happen and it will wind up have confusion in the economy. To keep chaos from occuring in the Singapore economy, it is a difficulties for the government to turn out with the laws and laws for this sector. 3.2 Shortage of skill talent Deficiency of skill talent defined as there is not enough of skill and talented people to help the firm to gain profit by using less employee making more yield. According to the secondary data, runs a business effectively, almost 45% of employers believe that if want a business runs effectively, the skilled talent deficiency is the potential people. Hays done a surveyed of the bosses represent to the employees and it had also figured out that banking and finance services sector is one of the troublesome expert to hire the employees (Hays.com.sg, 2015). According to Hays deficiency of skilled talent may influence the operation and growth of the association. This has additionally indicate the employers in the association to be inventive to attract more employees in this divisions. 3.3 Cyber-crime Basically, Cyber-crime are people utilizing distinctive sort of electronic devices to admonish, affront or login to unauthorised system to abuse the information without authority permission. In Singapore, cyber-crime is one of the difficulties confronting by the banking and finance service division in light of the fact that annual crime brief in 2014 cyber-crime exercises has increment by 1149 cases to make an aggregate of 1659 cases. By contrast, with year 2013 which just have 510 cases. In this cyber-crime it also incorporate crime cyber-extortion, web adoration trick are some of the fabulous crime that are hard to control that why this is one of the difficulties that is face by banking and financial service sector as all this cyber-crime include huge measure of cash being scam (SPF, 2015). 4. Strategic planning by this sectors in the present and future 4.1 Training and Education Due to the shortage of skill and talented employee, training and education is the best planning. The employer send the underperformance employees for training in order to upgrade themselves and learn to be more skilful at the same time while education is send the employees to advance study to gain more knowledge and get a better and higher qualification so can get the banking and finance job. In the banking and finance sector, it required extensive knowledge and skilled so that can produce the good work easily. Banking and finance are very competency as this sector get the very high salary and that’s why government always encourage the firm to send their employees for training to let them be more professional so that it can build up the national economy in Singapore. 4.2 Security and Regulation Security and Regulation is a certificate and all the rules and regulation of the company are stated in the certificate. Singapore government has created the security and regulation in order to preserve the economy and the external intimidation to come into Singapore (Acharya, 2008). Furthermore, security and regulation can preserve the national interest. Therefore, every single rules and regulation has a huge impact for every country and the government have to set it carefully. 5. Conclusion Banking and finance is essential to every country as it will impact the economy of the country. In Singapore, Monetary Authority of Singapore support this sector by setting rules and regulations to supervise the financial institutions. The purpose is to make sure every financial institution abide rules and regulations and hope that this banking and finance sector will create more jobs for and build the Singapore economy stable and better, and have a bright future.

Understanding Development Theory And Practice In Third World Politics Essay

Understanding Development Theory And Practice In Third World Politics Essay This book is a good synthesis and critique on the theory of development after Second World War. It takes historical perspective on analyzing development theory and its practice and tries to find the context-specific result of those development theories and policies in the third world. In doing so, Rapley has tried to be unaffected by any ideological orthodoxy but his left-alignment is clearly visible. John Rapley, who is a political scientist involved in the Department of Government, University of West Indies (Mora), has successfully captured the essence of development theories being applied in the third world after World War II, in this book. The book is lucidly written, well organized, and easy to understand. It includes elaborate endnotes, good index, and thoroughly assembled and categorized bibliography in accordance with their dominant theoretical fervor. The analytical approach of the book has been to follow historical comparison of mainstream development theory and practice, with related criticisms on them. For doing this he has measured the dominant debate between left critics and mainstream theorists from the perspective of dominant paradigms. He has presented the ebb and flow of neo-classical theory, and has done counter-criticism on neo-Marxists and developmental state theories. Though his arguments are balanced and analytical, people with capitalist mentality may find his argument on reemergence of neo-classical ideology immature and left-centered, while those with leftist gloss will find his insights illuminating and worthy. Nevertheless, his analysis of this wide area of development history is worthy read to students, practitioners and scholars. The book is organized into nine chapters. The first chapter, The Progress of Development, is an introduction to the argument presented in the book. The chapter two summarizes the dominant theoretical trend of immediate post-war period namely rise of Keynesianism and emergence of third world, followed by modernist, dependency and state centered theories. Rapley meticulously presents the influence of Keynesian thought on post war period of state centered development. Birth of third world and development economics as a separate sub-discipline were influenced by recognition of third world as a separate entity which demands different development policy design as opposed to the IBRD policy measures adopted for reconstructing Europe and other countries of First and Second World. Then, the book describes development economists of structuralist school who designed import substitution industrialization for the third world. This school of thought believed that international trade favours indus trialized North at the expense of developing South. But, soon the problems of structuralist schools were to be found in development world. Chapter 3 reflects on the performance of state-led development. The performance of state-led development in third world showed dismal performance. Import substitution industries were proved bad performer, license system of government increased corruption and bad governance, semi-public institutions increased the debt burden of state, and many SOEs were going bankrupt. All this led to poor export performance, inefficiency, underemployment, and poor agricultural performance. Although the central planning of statist model proved successful to increase output it couldnt ensure quality and efficiency in its performance which led to overall unproductive utilization of available means thus causing systemic failure. All these policy failures and theoretical disenchantment of state-led development model led to the clear decline of state socialism by 1980s enforcing many countries of Latin America and Africa to follow the conditionalities of their creditors with whom they have had large debt overdue. But, exception to these problems were the East Asian economies, who were able to overcome these problems by appropriately combining the effort of state with the efficiency of market competition and thus were able to catch up with the pace of international market competition. In chapter 4 and 5, basically talks about the neoclassical response to the failure of state-oriented development model of earlier period and its recommendation for reform. The neoclassical proponents reviewed the failure of import substitution and state-supported industrial policies by saying that there would be losers along with gainersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this was not necessarily bad (p. 83) and earlier development model did wrong by helping out the losers who were the main cause of inefficiency. They now advocated for promoting winners by focusing on creating environment for export industries, smaller firms, and export crop farmers. Policies for creating such environment were recommended under the framework of Washington Consensus which included: fiscal austerity, privatization of state owned enterprises (SOEs), trade liberalization, currency devaluation, and abolition of marketing boards, financial and labour market deregulation, and export promotion. Defined under an umbrella term of Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), these neo-classical prescriptions were openly supported and promoted by Bretton Woods Institutions which consequently were reflected in almost all of the third world countries where these institutions were working. Moreover, after some experience of reform initiatives and collapse of socialist economy led to the addition of accountability and transparency in governments operations as required variables for neoclassical development model thus both political and economic reform became elements of its reform agenda. The subsequent critique on the performance of neo-classical SAP framework is elaborately explained in chapter 5. Here, Rapley depicts the limitations of structural adjustment and emphasizes on how its application became successful by not due to its internal theoretical strength but due to seemingly no counter-force due to the fall of left because of long stagnation of socialism during early 1980s, historical exhaustion of dependency theory with no clear output, and loss of the Marxist self-confidence. Rapley writes: some evidence suggests that there is no reason to assume that less government leads to faster growthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. if there is any relationship between the two, it may even be that in the aggregate, more government leads to more growth (p.119). His evaluation of the case of privatization, domestic market liberalization, retrenchment, financial and labour market deregulation demonstrates that there are flaws on the theoretical assumptions and practicalities of structural adjustment program. Its assumption of human beings as rational and self-interested actors is not supported. Many sociologist and anthropologists view human action as a part of collective action and some views like Jean Francois Bayart content that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ just as we cannot expect other peoples to behave the way we do, we cannot apply the same principles to judge their behavior. Similarly, differences between first and third world discredited the apparently same principle of development propounded by structural adjustment program; flaws were seen in new political economy ideology of neo-classical writers. Moreover, the neoclassical logic of accepting the material inequality has been criticized by leftists on moral grounds, even if assuming material inequality to be morally neutral leftist theorists would still condemn it for its economic drawbacks (p.116) to poorer ones. Rapley has given emphasis on the birth of possible challenge to neoclassical theory. He clearly seems to be on the side of the left but is cautious enough to predict that the new paradigm wont be too much influenced by classical left or postmodernist hangover. In chapter 6, he asks for the new paradigm of development to be able to work with market and capitalism, while simultaneously opting for greater role for the state than allowed by structural adjustment program. The neo-institutionalist idea that market does not emerge spontaneously and that different cultural background require the creation of different types of institutions led to the reemergence of the need of state involvement in creating and developing economic institutions. The highly interventionist states of East Asia had selectively protected some strategic industries through tariffs and quota at the same time helped them grow through export subsidies and subsidized credit. They promoted firms towards new forms of produ ction and compelled them to increase their competitiveness. These successful policy measures of East Asian countries have been influential theoretical strands for the reemergence of the developmental state paradigm. Ultimately, in chapter 7 Rapley has returned to the Sub Saharan Africa to show that there are many challenges to follow state-supported development as seen in its successful version of East Asian case. The reasons allotted in the book are internal limitations of Africa (especially the weakness of African state) and international obstacles brought forwarded by international balance of power. His reasons for the seemingly low applicability of Asian developmental model in Africa are more political rather than economic. Some causal factors leading to the crisis of state in Africa like: authoritarianism in the third world, state capacity, concentration of power, class politics, etc. proves for Rapley that Africa is against the tide. Furthermore, he also sees obstacle in international systems to follow the strict state-led growth as enjoyed by East Asian countries in 60s through 80s. Rapley argues, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is not only Africa that the emerging practice of development is running i n a direction contrary to that of the theory. The crisis of the state which sees fiscal constraints forcing public authorities to renounce many of their functions, is international in its scope (p.176). Meanwhile retrenchment of state during SAP implementation led to the development of many non-state actors like NGOs, private sector and other groups working as a state within state leading to the weakening of state functions. The chapter 8, entitled as The end of development or a new beginning? is focused on the idea of post-development thought. This thought challenges us to rethink the entire way we conceive development, and to consider the possibility of a paradigm shift (p.177). Presently the world is facing contested political order where there is resurgence of populist movements against globalization to restore control over space/country; while another strand which is closer to postmodern idea is shifting the focus from national to global level through some works like: UN MDGs or WTOs Doha Development Agenda negotiations. Rapley admits: A discipline that emerged in the early post-World War II periodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ development studies always took for granted the existence of national economies and nation states. Much has changed since. Accordingly, those who take an interest in development are being challenged to conceive new strategies of development. Post-development challenged us to rethink development altogether. (p.200). The recent trend of giving focus on people after the publication of Development As Freedom written by Prof. Amartya Sen has shifted attention of Bretton Woods institutions and other scholars to the fact that development that doesnt improve the lives of the poor people will only provoke resistance and crisis (p.200). Rapley wraps-up the eighth chapter by arguing that the intellectual resistance from post-development ideas and political campaigns of anti-globalization forces has put the agenda of development in the centre stage which is awaiting for good implementation. Finally, in chapter 9 Rapley concludes main arguments presented in the book and also poses some relevant questions demanding serious consideration for leading the future of development. Some of his questions are thought provoking: can development models be universalized? What roles will environmental issues play in development theory? Is there a population time bomb, and how will it affect the third world? What will the new balance between state and society be? At last he has wrapped up his argument by discussing on all these questions in brief. Reviewing the whole book one can easily find that this book is highly comprehensive piece on development theory and practice spending fairly little space or pages. It is praiseworthy to say that this updated volume includes issues of latest debate of 21st century development studies. But, still it has some loopholes. While criticizing on the neoliberal ideas, he has overlooked at its overall performance in countries like India, China, and other high performer countries of 1990s and early 2000s. Similarly, his analysis of third world with high emphasis on African and Latin American countries has ignored poor blocks of South Asian countries and thus has left a large area of development experiment of these years untouched. The number of poor population in South Asian region doesnt justify writers neglect of the region as appropriate. Unlike previous editions of this book, the reviewed third edition has added more to the analysis of future of development. Its analysis of the latest thought of development, viz. post-development, is convincing enough to indicate on the future of development by working together with the questions raised in the concluding chapter. Reading this, readers can guess thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Notwithstanding these criticisms, Rapleys work is able to present a comprehensive and succinct treatise on the history of development thoughts and practice in third world. His way of presenting the mainstream argument along with the main criticism propounded by left and others on each of these development theories is interesting and useful. This book is can be recommended as a must read for upper level undergraduate students, useful guide for graduate level students, and a common discourse with new insights for the scholars. Readers will not regret about their time and money spent for the book after completing the last sentence.

Essay --

Lauren Hurst Professor Larson BIBL 105 – Introduction to Bible Study 19 December 2013 1 Timothy 2:8-15 â€Å"In every place of worship, I want men to pray with holy hands lifted up to God, free from anger and controversy. And I want women to be modest in their appearance. They should wear decent and appropriate clothing and not draw attention to themselves by the way they fix their hair or by wearing gold or pearls or expensive clothes. For women who claim to be devoted to God should make themselves attractive by the good things they do. Women should learn quietly and submissively. I do not let women teach men or have authority over them. Let them listen quietly. For God made Adam first, and afterward he made Eve. And it was not Adam who was deceived by Satan. The woman was deceived and sin was the result. But women will be saved through childbearing assuming they continue to live in faith, love, holiness, and modesty.† Introduction â€Å"Men wanted for hazardous journey, small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful. Honor and recognition in case of success.† That advertisement appeared in a London newspaper and thousands of men responded! It was signed by the noted Antarctic explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, and that was what made the difference. If Jesus Christ had advertised for workers, the announcement might have read something like this: â€Å"Men and women wanted for difficult task of helping to build My church. You will often be misunderstood, even by those working with you. You will face constant attacks from an invisible enemy. You may not see the results of your labor, and your full reward will not come till after all your work is completed. It may cost you your ho... ...o explain how a local church should be managed, and to enforce his own authority as a servant of God. In 1 Timothy 2:8-15 Paul encourage Timothy to confront the false teachers who had infiltrated the church at Ephesus. In context, Paul is dealing with false deceived teachers who are teaching false doctrine (1 Tim. 1:3, 7). Prior to 1 Timothy 2: 9-15, Paul gives instructions to Timothy regarding how the men and women who claim godliness should conduct themselves in the church while they are in the midst of the false teachers (1 Tim. 2:1- 10). Paul writes 1 Timothy with instruction to Timothy, a young man who responded to Christ’s call to help build His church. Timothy was one of the apostle Paul’s special assistants. 1 Timothy, one of three pastoral letters, is instructing Timothy how to lead and instruct the church in the city of Ephesus.

The Way We Really Are Essay -- Essays Papers

The Way We Really Are The author of this article portrays how the standard of the â€Å"traditional family† has changed over the past century. The article emphasizes on how marriages are becoming extinct and families are breaking away from the old fashioned way of raising children. For example, having both a father and a mother in the home full-time use to be the definition of â€Å" the traditional family†. The author seems to believe that the majority of society today is becoming accustomed to single parent homes and women being the major breadwinners in the home, thus making this the new â€Å"traditional family† lifestyle. As I was reading the statistics in this article I was very critical in believing the data that was given by the author. There were statistics given about the increase in unwed motherhood, divorce rates falling and rising, how much divorce has increased since the 1950’s and how many people are staying unwed in the later 1900’s. The author gave no indication of where or how she gathered her statistics. I do believe that the divorce rate in America is at an all time high for the start of the new millennium. I believe that Americans are forced to re-evaluate their opinion on what the traditional family is made up of. Children are forced to live with one parent, not having the traditional dream of both a mother and a Father, which is the image of what a real family is portrayed to be in the generation I was brought up with. The traditional ...

History of Guitar Essay

Music has always been a part of the world’s culture throughout the history. Way back thousands of years ago, people utilized their body parts such as their mouth, hands and feet, in order to create sounds. However, due to people’s inventiveness and resourcefulness, they have begun to use different materials that are part of their everyday life so the creation of musical instruments has begun. One of those discovered and invented instruments is guitar. This paper endeavors to present detailed information with regards to the history of guitar. First, it will provide a definition of the term ‘musical instrument,’ and its types. Then, it will also provide a definition of the musical instrument ‘guitar. ’ Second, it will trace and narrate its history. And lastly, it will reveal its benefits to the society. Furthermore, it will give a brief knowledge its contemporary status in the society. Musical instrument, traditionally, is any sound-producing material that comes from any culture, activated in any means, and is utilized for making what is universally and frequently known as â€Å"music. † It encompasses automatic or mechanical however it also includes recording or playback device (Rice). It is classified into different types namely: (1) idiophones, which consists of cymbals, triangles, gongs, castanets, bells, xylophones; (2) membranophones, which consists of drums, a skin or membranes is extended and stretched across a reverberating cavity; (3) chordophones or instruments that produce and make sounds by way of vibration of one or more strings stretched amidst two fixed points. It can be a guitar, lupe, harp, violin, cello; (4) aerophones which are blowing devices that use vibration of the air. These include trumpets, clarinets, flutes, bagpipes, whistle (qtd. n Wade 10). Guitar is a stringed instrument, which looks like the lute or the violin, however, it is bigger in size and has six strings: three of them are silk-covered silver wire and the other three are catgut (â€Å"Guitar†). It is a globally mobile instrument by which form, tonal textures and playing strategies and techniques are result of its appropriation. It is utilized in various locally specific musical contexts (Bennett and Dawe 1). It is made of wood, akin with lute, however, it has a more box-shaped resonator—the general characteristic of the instrument. All through the history, its strings are played by either a plectrum or a finger. It possesses a circular soundhole in its center (Wade 12). The modern English terminology for ‘guitar’ came from the Spanish term ‘guittara’ and was derived from Arabic and Latin terms ‘qitara’ and ‘cithara,’ respectively. These terms were derived from ‘kithara,’ and earlier Greek word, and from the Persian term ‘sithar’. â€Å"‘Sithar’ itself is related to the Indian instrument, the sitar† (â€Å"History of Guitar†). The history of guitar is traced hundred of years ago. It has been established along with other ancestor instruments known as lyres and harps, which are mentioned in the Old Testament, Mesopotamian long-necked lutes, string instruments delineated in ancient Babylonian and Egyptian art (Wade 13). The oldest famous representation of the instrument that displays all its important features is on a 3,300-year old stone carving of Hittite bard (â€Å"History of Guitar†) found at Alaca Hoyuk (Wade 13). Throughout the Middle Ages, three, four, five-string guitars do exist. The Guittara Latina, which has curved sides, is said and thought to have originated in Spain (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). It is a product per se of a long and multifaceted history of various influences (â€Å"History of Guitar†). Renaissance is the chosen period that is said to be the suitable starting point of guitar because it is during this epoch that the instrument is already in relation to music (Turnbull 2). During this period, composers wrote most of the time in tablature (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†), a musical notation relatively different from the modern ones. Its page usually looked flamboyant, ornate and complicated but for musicians and instrumentalists, it has been a very practical, useful and a straightforward method and manner of transforming symbols into sounds (Wade 18). Nevertheless, in this period, the guitar never possessed the respect that the lute has because it has not been regarded as a serious instrument. The first publication for guitar was recognized to have come from Alonso Muddara’s â€Å"Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras para Vihuela. † Finally, the guitar commenced to attract instrumentalists hence; there had been an increase in publication and music (â€Å"Some Guitar History†). Italy became the center of guitar in 17th century. In the late 18th century subsequent to the addition of the sixth string, the Spanish school of guitar making flourished. In the era of 19th century, there was already an enhanced and improved communication and transportation that allowed the performers to journey around the world, thus, the guitar evolved to become a widely known musical instrument (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). The aspects and dimensions of the modern classical guitar were established and founded by Antonio Torres, who works in Seville in 1850 (â€Å"History of Guitar†). Guitar music then became popular in Spain. The development in guitar that was done by Torres signified alterations in appearance. The modern guitar took the form of a broadened body, the waist curve was increased and the belly was thinned. An improvement with regards to its internal bracing was designed; single string courses were replaced by double courses and the machine head replaced the wooden tuning pegs (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). By the end of the 19th century, the guitar has fallen out of favor. However, it was revived by Francisco Tarrega, who was known for his â€Å"Receurdos de la Alhambra. † He performed in public and chose to perform for his friends at his home. He wrote a technique on how to teach guitar. He also transcribed a myriad of musical pieces for guitar. He was also considered as the pioneer of playing guitar with fingernails; which evolved into a tradition (â€Å"Some Guitar History†). Most of the credit and recognition regarding the development of guitar was carried on to the Europeans. Today, steel-string acoustic guitars are developed by the Americans. In the early 20th century, when European emigrants arrived in America, a number of them are highly skilled musical instrument makers, which includes those specialists in the steel-stringed guitar. There are two kinds of production that have evolved—the flat-top guitar and the arch-top guitar (â€Å"Acoustic of Guitar History†). When guitar technology has finally led and made its way to the United States in the early 19th century, it was Charles Friedrich Martin, a guitar maker who migrated in New York in 1833, who initiated it. In early 1900s, the Martin Company produced and made larger guitar instruments yet still adhered and abided with the classic model designs, especially the Spanish guitar (â€Å"How a Guitar is Made: Background†). The lineage of the guitar is huge and arduous to trace especially because there is a partial misconception that the guitar is a direct successor of the lute. The lack of reputation and prominence of guitar in history is aptly due to the fact that it attracts little heed from good composers and musicians until the 20th century (â€Å"A Contextual Background†). The creation of guitar has been of vital importance in the field of music. It is a representation and embodiment of discovery, inventiveness, imagination and expression of performing intelligence and skill. The early guitar bestowed significant contributions during the Baroque period. The guitar and guitar ancestors took hold of the attention of folk culture and the middle class way back the Baroque era as well as the Classical period (â€Å"A Contextual Background†). The instrument represents an abstract idea, a mode of thinking with regards to sound and a mode of identifying and recognizing cultures. The guitar is a fundamental icon in American culture and other cultures around the world. There are several versions of stringed instruments that are crafted and created as distant away from Japan, and are developed into the orchestra. It also forms unique variations like the Sitar of India (â€Å"The Linage of Guitar Construction†). The growth of the guitar in the course of history is in a two-fold path. The technical progression and developments have been enthralling, fascinating and fundamental. Nevertheless, nourishing and developing that evolution and development has been the social element of guitar’s reputation and recognition. The mechanical alterations that have been demanded socially contributed to its better and louder instrumentation. Thus, there have been documentations on its development and journey. The guitar’s progression in the course of time is one of the mirrors that culture indeed changes over time. It evolves just like how the guitar evolves (Kentor and Michaels 10). The guitar is not just an embodiment of one’s culture and time. It is also a representation of the status of whoever owns it especially during the ancient times because most people in the middle class owned a guitar. Its development serves a reflection that people’s ingenuity, thinking and creativity do enhance and progress, alongside with the culture that they belong. The creation of guitar has helped a lot in the music industry because it accompanies and produces sound even without the use of electricity. It is purely mechanical because only the fingers or a pick is used in playing. However, the invention of electric guitar has contrasted that fact. Compared to the classic mechanical guitar, it produces louder and better sound. On the other hand, the discovery and creation of electronic music, music that can be created even without musical instruments at hand—purely digital, has given way to the somewhat â€Å"death† of guitar industry. It is now being taken for granted little by little even though there are still some who take hold of its importance and still utilize it in composing and crafting new musical pieces.

Policy and Guidance Impacting on Support Services at National Level

Research the policy and guidance impacting on support services at national level and evaluate how this operates at local level The government wants children and young people to have more opportunities to get involved in the design,provision and evaluation of policies and services that affect them or which they use. Minister will be looking to their individual departments and agencies to develop robust but realistic arrangement to make sure this happens.Actively involving children and young people in this way will produce better services. Ultimately that will produce better outcomes for children and young people,as well as stronger communities,as department and agencies across government draw on children and young people s contributions to shape and tailor service to meet real. Rather than presumed needs, The purpose of this guidance is to Introduce the core principles on which this work should be based.Provide departments with some early advice and background and with signposts to ad ditional help,so that departments can develop effective plans and Let departments know the broad timetable for action Government on strategic priorities and the effective implementation of safeguarding policy. We have taken immediate action to start to transform the social work profession. We are clarifying and strengthening the key role of Local Safeguarding Children Boards.And we are establishing a new National Safeguarding Delivery Unit to ensure a co-ordinated approach across Government and to support and challenge Children’s Trusts and local authorities to drive up standards and the quality of practice. This document sets out the Government’s detailed response to Lord Laming’s report and our plan of action to deliver the step change which he has called for. It is an action plan to which I and my colleagues across Government are firmly committed but one which we know we cannot deliver alone.Keeping children and young people safe must be the responsibility, e very single day, of us all. Nothing we can do will bring back the children who have died at the hands of their abusers or relieve the suffering of those children who have been deliberately harmed. But we have to be determined to learn the lessons and to act now to make a lasting difference so that more children will be protected in future. we must move further, faster.

Chris Herren Unguarded: American Dream or American Tragedy?

Chris Herren is a star and an icon of achievement that America has had. This young man has made remarkable strides in bringing American dream to come true. This is a dream that dictates that every American should not just strive to seek for what the nation can do to them but rather they should bring something to the state. Herren is doing these things through the organization that he has formed as discussed in the paper. However, coming to recognition and an appreciation as to whether Herren is an America Dream or American Tragedy is a matter of discussion.This paper analyzes this dilemma by examining the life of Herren right from high school; and how he has pursued his dream (Reynolds, 90). The paper brings and discusses the bad influence that this young man has had in the country. Hreen has been recorded to be one of the players that have been in constant use of drug for a long time. This paper however depicts Herren as a productive man to the United States of America. Herren, a yo ung man with a predictable bright future joined Durfee School, which is located in Fall River.The young ambitious gentle man started the journey of his life and everybody who knew him saw light and life in him. Like any bright chap, he passed his final exams, which made him to be recognized among students. This made him to be awarded scholarship at the University of Kentucky and Duke University. It is in the America dream to invest into the education of its citizens. Through education, America empowers human resource to come up with a stronger society. This is a nice move to make for any government. This is why the American government invests in the education of young fellows like Herren.Herren was indeed a star that the government had while he was in high school. However, the young man had a different influence from his childhood. Herren was living with his family in Durfee. In Dufree, this family was deeply engrossed in basketball as a game. The culture of this family had influenc e in the life of Herren. The young man developed strong passion for basketball that he made decisions to follow his passion. One of the key ways through which one becomes self actualized is to follow one’s passion and achieve what one so desire (Elsemann, 54).This pursuit of basketball as career made Herren to overlook and turn down the scholarship offer that he from Duke University and Kentucky and Boston College. Herren seemed to be a disappointment to the desires of the nation, which yearn to have all its citizens educated. Herren seemed to be a disappointed to the government but his choice was yet to bring him to the light of stars. Herren is an icon of faith and an inspiration of pursuit of one’s goals. Fortunately, because his dreams were aligned to the major of Boston College, he joined the college purposely for basketball.His performance were marked by excellence that his name dominated the Rolling Stone and Sports Illustrated of Boston. He worn many trophies a nd brought pride to the nation. His victories were recognizable achievement that could not be ignored. Everybody was happy with his achievement. However, this recognition and honor did not last for long. Herren apparently fail several drug tests. This is a disappointing episode in Herren’s life. Nobody could admire to associate with his name in spite of his achievement. Drug is a very destructive thing more so cocaine and marijuana whose tests he failed.As a star and an icon in basketball, this could act as a means of perpetuating drug abuse. This is because people like identifying with stars especially his funs. In the event followers realize that their star is in drugs, chance are that they would start using the same drug that their star is using. This is a bad influence to the American community. This is destructive and this shutters the dreams of the U nited States of America. Having such kind of stars and celebrities in a country who do not honor the rules of the land is not of any benefit but agents of destruction.The law requires none to break the laws. When one is a star but does not honor the constitution, then such a person ceases to be the pride of a nation but rather a burden and a lose to the state. Heroes never give up after a tragedy has befallen them. They rise up again and continue with the pursuit of his desires. After Herren had been suspended from school, he did not just sit back. He never gave up. He sought other means and he decided to dream again to enable his talent to be utilized. The young man joined Fresno State University purposely to join the basketball team and become a star.While playing at Fresno State University, Herren broke his hand: a tragedy that made him to take a period of three years to heal. Immediately after healing Herren was taken for taste to confirm his medical status. Unfortunately, Herren failed another drug test. This was disappointing especially to a star. As an admirable person, he could not be left jus t to handle himself, rather he was taken to the rehabilitation center where he was taught and helped to overcome the use of drugs. This aspect of accepting a personal weakness is a thing that has killed many people.It takes courage to accept ones’ present condition to adopt a brand new life. This is good for a nation because there are people who are struggling with addiction but cannot open up. Herren is a good example to those who are under the influence of drugs. After the Herren had returned from the rehabilitation centre, he joined the team and he skillfully worn many trophies. He made his team to be proud of him and the nation esteemed him as an astute player. Recognizing a weakness and accepting intervention measures is a good thing to do in life when one has the intent of changing.While at the Fesno State University, Herren made remarkable achievements in his basketball career. He excelled well that every club wanted to hire him. In advancing his career, he opted to jo in NBA Draft. This team selected him because he was an excellent performer. Herren entered Denver Nuggets with 33rd overall pick in the second round. While in the team, he played 70 games of which he helped his team to bring victory home. After he was released by the Celtic, Herren opened up his world and opted to advernse his career further. The young man opted to play for various clubs.He played for teams in Italy, Poland, Iran Turkey, and Turkey. While in these countries, Herren made remarkable achievements in his basketball career that he became an icon in basketball. He became a figure of emulation and an icon of inspiration. Whenever he was playing, thousands of people could throng the coat because of his professionalism in the game. The man was so skillful; and while he was a broad, he maintained his identity like an American without betraying his country. The country was proud of him because of the international face and values he brought to the country (Zapata, and David , 321).Herren comes out to be a man who does not get discouraged in spite of the challenges in life that he has passed through. He does not allow his dark past to blur his vision and the continuous desire to be a star. Herren is one of the key figure that the nation can point at and make a declaration that surely dreams that people often have can actually come to pass. Herren in real sense, has been related to the abuse of drugs of all kinds. Sometimes, it would be very difficult to celebrate his achievements because it could be true that he was propelled, and motivated by the drugs.It is not possible to relate national pride to a drug addict. Herren had had several felnies directly linked to drug deals. This could be dangerous for the upcoming generations as well as the young people who look up to him as an icon of emulation. Herren has even been charged with the crime of possession of heroin. This act is not acceptable to the state and by the state. While he was advancing his career at NBA for the Boston Celtic, he embarked on the use of painkillers like OxyContin, and Percocet. Herren even became a careless person who could not control his rationality after using drugs.He had been noted driving under the influence of drugs: a thing that made him cause accidents along the city highways (Dell'Orto, 231). This depicted a bad picture of him. He was not a person of a perfect example in spite the excellence of his performance in basketball. This young player was in the verge of destroying himself and destroying the lives of other. He has become a bad example to his funs and a destructive person to humanity. By abusing drugs, he promotes the sale of illegal drugs and by using them openly; he is directly influencing others into the same.This disqualifies him from being in the spheres of the American dream to the tragedy of America. Herren had had series of counseling which were purposed to help him quite drugs and just be a free man sober and rational in thought and in everything, he does. He thus joined an intensive program of recovery, which demands discipline to adhere to the schedule. It is appreciable accoding to the Art Papers( 46) It is good news to here that even those who have been abusing drugs stubbornly can recover from the abuse and be people who can be admired in life. Herren became one of these people who have undergone rehabilitation and made great  strides of change.Since August 2008, Herren has been drug free and he is in a serious move campaigning against the abuse of drugs. He is not ashamed of his past but rather he is categorically telling people the harmful effects of drug abuse and addiction. Other than advancing the mission of drug awareness campaign, Herren desires to share his life and talent with other young people who have passion in basketball. He thus launched the â€Å"Hoop Dream with Chris Herren† an organization that trains young basketball players in the court and off the court (Frankfurt, 76).He desi res to raise basketball stars in America who can advance the dreams of American as a victorious nation in all industries. Herren has released a documentary giving the detailed account of his life on and off the court. He has talked extensively of his life and the struggles that he has undergone as a person. This documentary has greatly influenced the thought of Americans on drug abuse and addiction. This has propelled him to the table of American admiration. Herren now has something to offer to Americas.He is an asset to the state he is a person of great value to the great nation in spite of his dark past. Life needs people who do not stick to their paste however much dirty they may be (Slone, and Friedman 154). Life is proud of people who desire to change and contribute to the well being of other. Success; real success requires one to leave those who would advance what has been started. This is a good gesture to the Americans. Herren is exactly in the America dream though he starte d it on a bad note of hurt hacks and great disappointments.